Municipal water treatment is a multi-step process aimed at providing safe and potable drinking water for communities. The following is a general overview of the steps involved in municipal water treatment:
1. Coagulation and Flocculation:
In this step, chemicals are added to the water to neutralize any positive charges and cause particles to come together and form larger particles, or flocs.
2. Sedimentation:
The flocs formed in the previous step settle to the bottom of the treatment tank, allowing clear water to rise to the top.
3. Filtration:
The clear water is then filtered through sand or other materials to remove any remaining particles and impurities.
4. Disinfection:
The water is then disinfected to kill any remaining pathogens and microorganisms. This is typically done using chemicals such as chlorine or ozone.
5. pH Adjustment:
If necessary, the pH of the water may be adjusted to a neutral level.
6. Fluoridation:
Fluoride may be added to the water to help prevent tooth decay.
7. Storage:
The treated water is then stored in a reservoir or tank for distribution to homes and businesses.