specific heat of substance, SH of gas at cp & cv

 Specific Heat:

• The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance by one degree Celsius.
• It is a measure of the heat capacity of a substance and is denoted by the symbol "c". The specific heat of a substance depends on its composition and phase, and it can vary with temperature and pressure.

Specific Heat of a Gas at Constant Pressure (Cp):

• The specific heat of a gas at constant pressure (Cp) is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the gas by one degree Celsius while maintaining a constant pressure. 
• In other words, it is the heat capacity of the gas when the pressure is kept constant during the process of heating.
• Cp is typically greater than the specific heat at constant volume (Cv) because work is done on the gas as its temperature increases, which contributes to the heat energy of the gas.

Specific Heat of a Gas at Constant Volume (Cv):

• The specific heat of a gas at constant volume (Cv) is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the gas by one degree Celsius while maintaining a constant volume. 
• In other words, it is the heat capacity of the gas when the volume is kept constant during the process of heating.
• Cv is typically less than the specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) because the gas is not allowed to expand as its temperature increases, so it does not contribute to the heat energy of the gas.